Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Many of the protein from bacterium possess antitumor activity. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of Ribosomal Protein L36 (RPL36) from the Escherichia coli BL21on human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells and Human hepatoma Hep G-2 cells. Evaluation of the effect of RPL36 response was made by the study of tumor growth response including cell morphology. The human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells treated with 0.3125-10µg/ml of RPL36 for 24 hours displayed significant cell growth inhibition (p <0.05, n = 6) in assayed using MTT compared to the control (untreated) cells. For comparison, human hepatoma Hep G-2 cells displayed no significant change (p >0.05; n = 6) when compared to the control (untreated) cells. The RPL36 has a time and dose dependent on Hep-2 cells growth inhibition. The data indicate that the effect at low concentrations is better than high concentrations, and the concentration of 0.625¼g/ml has the best rate of growth inhibition. The Real Time PCR array analysis of gene expression profile indicated that the anti-cancer activities of RPL36 on Hep-2 cells may involve DAPK1, DAPK3 and FADD signaling pathway for cell Apoptosis. The results of this study support the efficacy of Escherichia coli BL21ribosomal protein L36 as an anticancer agent for human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells. However, further studies of the mechanism and the signal transduction pathways are required.