ISSN: 0973-7510

E-ISSN: 2581-690X

Chongmiao Zhang1,2 , Xiaochang Wang1, Xian Li1, Lifang Zhao1 and Song Zeng1
1Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi’an – 710 055, China.
2State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC), Tsinghua University, Beijing – 100 084, China.
J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2013;7(1):409-415
© The Author(s). 2013
Received: 20/01/2013 | Accepted: 04/03/2013 | Published: 31/03/2013
Abstract

In order to know about distribution of Salmonella spp. and proportion of Salmonella typhi in raw and treated wastewater, the real-time PCR methods were established and applied to monitoring of influents and effluents from three municipal wastewater treatment plants. Salmonella typhi can be well distinguished from non-typhi Salmonella by using specific primer set. The detection limit is 4.20 copies for Salmonella and 5.28 copies for Salmonella typhi per PCR. Statistical analysis showed that the distributions of Salmonella spp. and Salmonella typhi well followed the log-normal relationship. In influent samples, Salmonella spp. ranged 103~106 copies/100mL, and Salmonella typhi ranged 102~104 copies/100mL. Municipal wastewater treatment process can remove around 1 log unit for Salmonella and 0.5 log units for Salmonella typhi in general. The proportion of Salmonella typhi in Salmonella spp. was under 5% in most raw wastewater samples. The established methods can be usefully used to quantitative detect Salmonella and analyze proportion of Salmonella typhi in wastewater. This is useful to further study on Salmonella transmission in urban water environment and health risk assessment.

Keywords

Distribution; quantification, real-time PCR, Salmonella spp., Salmonella typhi, wastewater treatment plant

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