ISSN: 0973-7510

E-ISSN: 2581-690X

Research Article | Open Access

Sylvana N. Gaber1 , Eman Elsayed Mahmoud Hemeda2, Hebat-Allah Sayed Elsayeh3, Wafaa Y. Abdel Wahed4, Mahmoud A.F. Khalil5 and Enas G. Ibrahim1

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
2Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
3Departments of Apiculture Research, Plant Protectionsititue, A.R.C.
4Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
5Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
J. Pure Appl. Microbiol., 2020, 14 (1): 123-131 | Article Number: 5779
https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.14.1.13 | © The Author(s). 2020
Received: 12/08/2019 | Accepted: 30/11/2019 | Published: 03/02/2020
Abstract

Non-ventilator Hospital-acquired Pneumonia (NV-HAP) is a significant burden in acute care hospitals and poses a risk to nonelderly, non-intensive care unit (ICU) patients, which have been increasing worldwide. In addition, poor oral hygiene has been associated to significant increases in the number of cases of NV-HAP. Unfortunately, preventive options are limited. Thus, there is a need for oral antiseptics, similar to those of natural products or plant sources. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of various bee products (BPs); for example, honey, propolis, and bee venom against multidrug-resistant (MDR) non-fermenting bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter), which were collected from NV-HAP patients to investigate its use as a possible antiseptic oral care. Bacterial susceptibility to different antibiotics were performed. The antimicrobial activity of BPs against non-fermenting bacteria, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed. Eighteen Pseudomonas  aeruginosa isolates and five Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were identified. P. aeruginosa isolates displayed high resistance to the antibiotics: meropenem and imipenem (55.6% and 77.8% respectively), whereas A. baumannii isolates were 100% resistant to meropenem and imipenem. All isolates remained sensitive to colistin. Propolis showed the best antibacterial activity (p<0.001) in comparison to honey and bee venom against P. aeruginosa (13 – 36 mm, MIC =1.4-22.5%, and MBC=2.8-45%) and A. baumannii (7-20 mm, MIC=5.6-22.5%, and MBC=11.3 -22.5%). While bee venom expressed the least antibacterial activity against all isolates with a zone diameter ranging from 0-12 mm, propolis, which is a non-toxic, natural, and inexpensive, had antibacterial activity towards the MDR bacteria: P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii collected from pneumonic patients. Additionally, we confirmed that propolis could be used as a potential antiseptic oral care product.

Keywords

Antimicrobial activity, Propolis extract, Pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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© The Author(s) 2020. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.