Three soil samples were collected from different locations in Afghanistan. The actinomycetes were isolated in tap water agar (TWA) medium. Colony forming unit was calculated for the samples per ml and color grouping was noted. 50 actinomycetes isolates were obtained with a wide range color groups including pale white. Yellow white, dark gray, pale brown, white, pink, yellow and yellow brown. Five strains have been selected for the preliminary study for different biological characteristics based on the appearance and color group. The isolates were characterized culturally, physiologically and biochemicallyand shown to be different from each other. Antibacterial test was done against seven human pathogenic microorganisms which were Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25923, salmonella suis ATCC 13076, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27583, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Shigellasonnei ATCC 11060 and one microorganism was human pathogenic fungus: Candida albicans ATCC 10231. One strain of the five turned out to be active against one pathogenic bacterium. Further molecular and chemical studies will contribute to the science that many strains isolated from Afghanistan soil might be new species and their secondary metabolites would be the potential values in the biotechnological company.