Krishna D. Kurubetta1, M. Shivaprasad, M. H. Tatagar, R. K. Mestaand Abdul Kareem M.
Assistant Professor of Agronomy, HRES, Devihosur, Haveri , Karnataka e-mail: [email protected]
(Received: 10 March 2017; accepted: 29 April 2017)
Abstract:
The experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research and Extension Station, Devihosur, Haveri, Karnataka to study the effect of different methods of seed beds for raising seedlings and nipping practices followed at different intervals (before transplanting) on growth and dry yield of BydagiChilli (Dabbi). The pooled results of the experiment indicated that significantly higher dry Chilli yield (966 kg/ha) was obtained with raised bed + nipping of the seedlings 5 days before transplanting and this was followed by the flatbed + 5 days before transplanting (807 kg/ha).The incidence of leaf curl was also found least i.e the leaf curl index at 45 and 90 days after transplanting was found 0.60 and 0.56 respectively with the treatment raised bed + nipping 5 days before transplanting compare to other treatments.
Keywords:
Dry Chilli, Nipping, Nursery management
INTRODUCTION
Chilli is one of the most important commercial crops of India. It is grown almost throughout the country. Chilli occupies an important place in Indian diet. It is an indispensable item in the kitchen, as it is consumed daily as a condiment in one or the other form. Although the crop has got greater export potentiality in spite of its huge domestic requirements, a number of factors have been seen to limit the crop productivity. Among them the damage caused by pests is significant. More than 293 insects pest are known to attack the crop. Among these thrips, mites and pod borer are the most serious pests. Though application of insecticides brought down the pest population they have led to the problem of pesticide residues in the fruits. The presence of residual pesticides has seriously affected theexport of chillies. It is learnt that byadgichilli lots were rejected at the international ports of the importing countries very often due to large pesticide residues. The indiscriminate use of chemicals has led to many undesirable problems like pest resurgence, destruction of natural enemies, environmental pollution etc. Hence,the present study initiated with ecofriendly approaches for raising healthy seedlings by adopting goodnursery management practices.
Materials and Methods:
A field experiment was conducted in kharifseasonduring 2011, 2012 and 2013on medium deep black soilsat Horticultural Research and Extension Station,Devihosur, Haveri, which is located at latitude of 14.470N,longitude of 75.20E and with an altitude of 563.0 m above meansea level (MSL).The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The seeds of ‘ByadagiDabbi’ cultivar were used for nursery preparation. Two types of seed beds were prepared, the flat beds with dimension of 7.5 m length and 1.0 m width and raised beds with dimension of 7.5 m length, 1.0 m width and 10 cm height on this seedlings were raised. The 35 days old seedlings were transplantedwith the spacing of 60 cm × 60 cm.Before transplanting the nipping practice was followed on seed beds at different intervals.The treatments includes mainlyT1 – Flat bed + Nipping 10 days before transplanting, T2 – Flat bed + Nipping 5 days before transplanting, T3 – Flat bed + Nipping on same day of transplanting, T4 – Flat bed + No Nipping, T5 – Raised bed+ Nipping 10 days before transplanting, T6 – Raised bed + Nipping 5 days before transplanting, T7 – Raised bed + Nipping on same day of transplanting, T8 – Raised bed + No Nipping.
Table 1. Method of seed bed and nipping practices on growth and leaf curl index chilli
(pooled of three years)
| Treatments | Growth parameters 45 DAT | Leaf Curl Index | |||
| Plant
Height (cm) |
No. of
Branches/ plant |
No. of
Leaves/ plant |
45 DAT | 90 DAT | |
| T1 – Flat bed + Nipping 10 days before transplanting | 37 | 4.0 | 128 | 1.38 | 1.83 |
| T2 – Flat bed + Nipping 5 days before transplanting | 35 | 3.9 | 133 | 0.62 | 0.88 |
| T3 – Flat bed + Nipping on same day of transplanting | 31 | 3.4 | 119 | 0.97 | 1.48 |
| T4 – Flat bed + No Nipping | 41 | 2.9 | 112 | 1.50 | 1.67 |
| T5 – Raised bed+ Nipping 10 days before transplanting | 36 | 4.3 | 134 | 1.05 | 1.76 |
| T6 – Raised bed + Nipping 5 days before transplanting | 35 | 4.2 | 148 | 0.60 | 0.56 |
| T7 – Raised bed + Nipping on same day of transplanting | 34 | 3.5 | 128 | 1.10 | 1.72 |
| T8 – Raised bed + No Nipping | 40 | 3.2 | 118 | 1.25 | 1.59 |
| S.Em+ | 1.09 | 0.35 | 6.7 | 0.19 | 0.12 |
| C. D @ 5% | 3.2 | 1.0 | 20.0 | 0.55 | 0.35 |
Table 2. Method of seed bed and nipping practices on growth and yield attributes of chilli
(pooled of three years)
Treatments |
Plant
Height (cm) |
No. of
Branches plant-1 |
No. of
Leaves plant-1 |
No. of
Fruits plant-1 |
Fruit length
(cm) |
Yield ha-1
(kg) |
T1 – Flat bed + Nipping 10 days before transplanting |
62.5 |
5.5 |
367 |
30.9 |
8.8 |
685 |
T2 – Flat bed + Nipping 5 days before transplanting |
57.7 |
5.2 |
371 |
34.4 |
9.9 |
807 |
T3 – Flat bed + Nipping on same day of transplanting |
56.5 |
5.1 |
353 |
28.6 |
8.0 |
676 |
T4 – Flat bed + No Nipping |
57.0 |
4.6 |
343 |
26.1 |
8.1 |
699 |
T5 – Raised bed+ Nipping 10 days before transplanting |
61.9 |
5.6 |
402 |
40.8 |
9.8 |
745 |
T6 – Raised bed + Nipping 5 days before transplanting |
57.5 |
6.5 |
458 |
49.8 |
11.2 |
966 |
T7 – Raised bed + Nipping on same day of transplanting |
60.1 |
5.1 |
382 |
37.8 |
9.5 |
727 |
T8 – Raised bed + No Nipping |
56.4 |
4.4 |
271 |
34.8 |
8.8 |
726 |
S.Em+ |
3.49 |
0.16 |
10.8 |
1.76 |
0.38 |
36.1 |
C. D @ 5% |
NS |
0.50 |
35 |
5.4 |
1.1 |
109.5 |
Treatments |
Yieldha-1
(kg) |
Cost
(Rs ha-1) |
Gross
returns (Rs ha-1) |
Net returns
(Rs ha-1) |
B:C |
T1 – Flat bed + Nipping 10 days before transplanting |
685 |
26800 |
65028 |
38228 |
2.43 |
T2 – Flat bed + Nipping 5 days before transplanting |
807 |
26800 |
76665 |
49865 |
2.86 |
T3 – Flat bed + Nipping on same day of transplanting |
676 |
26800 |
64173 |
37373 |
2.39 |
T4 – Flat bed + No Nipping |
699 |
26800 |
66405 |
39605 |
2.48 |
T5 – Raised bed+ Nipping 10 days before transplanting |
745 |
26800 |
70775 |
43975 |
2.64 |
T6 – Raised bed + Nipping 5 days before transplanting |
966 |
26800 |
91770 |
64970 |
3.42 |
T7 – Raised bed + Nipping on same day of transplanting |
727 |
26800 |
69065 |
42265 |
2.58 |
T8 – Raised bed + No Nipping |
726 |
26800 |
68970 |
42170 |
2.57 |
S.Em+ |
36.1 |
– |
3972 |
3720 |
0.12 |
C. D. @ 5% |
109.5 |
– |
12400 |
10800 |
0.34 |
Table 3.Economics of method of seed bed and nipping practices chilli(Pooled of three years)
Results and Discussion
The pooled results of the experiment revealed that raised bed + nipping of seedlings 5 days before transplanting has recorded significantly highest dry chilli yield (966 kg ha-1) compare to rest of the treatments and this is followed by flat bed + 5 days before transplanting (807 kg ha-1). The similar trend was observed during all the three years experimentation (2011 to 2013) (Table 2). Similar result of increase in yield due to nipping practices was reported by Baloch and Zubair, 2010 and Traipathi and Rathi, 2000 also reported that nipping practices not only increase the yield but also reduces the fungal deceases in chickpea.VenkateGowdaet al. (2011) reported that nipping practice in castor made the crop free from Botrytis disease and increased yield over non nipping practice. The significant increase in dry fruit yield of chilli in treatment raised + nipping 5 days before transplanting is mainly due to higher yield parameters such as number of fruits per plant and fruit length and the growth parameters such as number of branches and number of leaves per plant (Table 2). The increase in growth and yield parameters was mainly due to enhanced photosynthetic activity resulting in production and accumulation of photosynthatesin fruits. Trivedi, 2006 also reported the similar results. Theenhanced yield in treatment raised bed + nipping 5 days before transplanting is also due to significantly reduced leaf curl index (Table 1) at 45 and 90 days after transplanting (0.60 and 0.56 respectively) . The nipping of leaves 5 days before transplanting made the seedlings free from sucking pest (thrips).The similar results of reduced disease was also noticed by VenkateGowdaet al. (2011)
The economics of the experiment (Table 3) revealed that significantly higher gross returns (Rs. 91,770/-), net returns (Rs. 64,970/-) and B : C ratio (3.42 ) per hector was recorded with raised bed + nipping 5 days before transplanting compare to rest of the treatments. The similar trend was also noticed with B:C ratio (3.42). These results are in conformity with VenkateGowdaet al. (2011).
References:
- Baloch, S. and M.,Zubair, (2010) Effect of nipping on growth and yield of chickpea, The Journal of Animal Plant Sciences, 20 (3) : 208-210
- Tripathi, H.S. and Y.P.S.,Rathi, (2000) Effect of certain cultural practices on severity of Botrytris gray mould of chickpea. Indian Phytopathology 53 (2) : 172-174.
- VenkateGowda, J., H. S.,Shivaramu, N., Krishna Murthy, H. S., Ravi Kumar and B. N. Manjunatha, (2011), Effect of nipping and dates of sowing on growth, yield and disease infestation of castor genotypes, International Journal of Forestry and Crop Improvement. 2(1): 73 –
- Trivedi, P.C.(2006). Advances in plant physiology, Book: 134-135.