Research in the areas of processing and production of plants applied in pharmacology and pharmacy is one of the oldest cultural and scientific characteristics of Iranians. A look at the mythology of Shahnameh and history of Iran shows that the scientific infrastructure of ancient pharmacology began in ancient Iran. After the introduction of Islam to Iran, it gradually developed among Iranian scientists, and using plant treatments became institutionalized in popular culture. The prophetic hadith about the characteristics of Iranian scholarship is a decisive evidence of this fact. The recently published papers about Iranian herbal medicines effective in the treatment and prevention of diseases were searched. The extended use of herbal products and the widespread and unsparing nature of Iran with all its varieties of climate, especially the use of medicinal plants and modern herbal medicines, and the brilliant achievements of scientists from the distant past until now has motivated the Minister of Health and Medical Education in this respect. Thus, the processing and utilization of herbal medicines and efforts in innovation and offering useful drugs is increasing every day. It is clear that any development of quantity in this regard should necessarily be in pace with quality improvement, consider the new horizons of knowledge and research, and obey the highest international scientific standards and recognized values confirmed by the international scientific society. It is hoped that this pharmacopeia, which is based on the international guidelines and standards and represents the high level of quality of herbal medicines produced in the country, be considered by the medical community and have a beneficial and crucial role in the promotion of public health.