Lichens and cyanobacteria of forest and other environmental conditions often enhance the growth and essential elements uptake to associated herbs and they also enhance the fertility of soil and maintain the nitrogen content. Thus, cyanobacteria and lichens including cyanolichens plays significant role in mineralization, maintenance of soil texture, etc. Hence, the present study focused on the subsistence of epiphytic cyanobacteria on lichens collected from Yerkaud and Kolli Hills region of Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. There were 17 genera and 29 species belongs to 6 families of cyanobacteria identified from lichens such as species of Chroococcus, Gloeocapsa, Synechococcus, Microcystis, Aphanocapsa, Dermocarpa, Myxosarcina, Xenococcus, Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Lyngbya, Nostoc, Anabaena, Plectnema, Scytonema and Microchaete. Among these Phormidium and Chroococcus species was widely distributed on different lichens as an epiphytic.