Efforts are underway globally to eradicate malnutrition by encouraging optimal growth and health. Certainly, one of the main essential components of long-term, excellent health is food. Natural polyphenols possess a diversity of positive health advantages and are a significant part of foods produced from plants. They may be regarded as non-essential nutrients. However, polyphenols may also have negative consequences, regardless of the circumstances, dosage, and relations to the environment, just like any other molecule. Polyphenols’ biological properties and their possible application in disease prevention are examined. The study examined the mutagenic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic properties of polyphenols, as well as their prooxidative activity. The current study describes the potential adverse consequences of consuming polyphenols, particularly through supplements, and delivers an in-depth examination of the recent research regarding the detrimental impacts of polyphenols on human health. Consuming foods rich in bioactive compounds reduces the probability of growing several persistent medical conditions, which are the primary contributors to premature death and disability globally. It is essential that the importance of public education regarding the application of various polyphenols and their effects, including their adverse effects in today’s society, be emphasised.