The quantity and diversity of the microbial community in soil make it possibly the most difficult of all the natural ecosystems. It is thought to be challenging to culture up to 99% of the microorganisms in a given environment. The intricacy of microbial variety is impacted by numerous interconnected factors, including as soil structure, water content, biotic activity, pH, and fluctuations in climate. Environmental DNA isolation and purification are often the first steps in the soil metagenomic analysis process. Creating genomic DNA libraries and then using them for high-throughput sequencing or library screening are the main steps in the application of metagenomics. These genomic sequences are currently being used to advance our knowledge of the ecology and physiology of these bacteria as well as for new biotechnological and medicinal applications. To completely comprehend the intricacies involved in the operation of microbial communities and the interactions between different microorganisms within specific niches, metagenomic sequences are employed. This study focuses on the latest advancements in biotechnological approaches and procedures for identifying novel genes from uncultured microorganisms and intricate microbial habitats.