ISSN: 0973-7510

E-ISSN: 2581-690X

Research Article | Open Access
Peter James Icalia Gann1-4 , Jimmbeth Zenila P. Fabia1,6, Althea Gay B. Pagurayan1,3, Ma. Joy Theresa Agcaoili1,6, Ryan James J. Pascual6, Suerte M. Baranda1,6, Arc Josam J. Racho1,6, Marvielyn P. Olivar1,6, Jayson F. Cariaga1,5, Alvin Domingo3,5, Dionisio S. Bucao6 and Shirley C. Agrupis1,3
1Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, College of Medicine, Mariano Marcos State University, Batac 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.
2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mariano Marcos State University, Batac 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.
3Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Mariano Marcos State University, Batac 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.
4Department of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food, and Sustainable Development, Mariano Marcos State University, Batac 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.
5National Bioenergy Research and Innovation Center, Mariano Marcos State University, Batac 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.
6Research Directorate, Mariano Marcos State University, Batac 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.
Article Number: 9500 | © The Author(s). 2024
J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2024;18(4):2806-2822. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.18.4.53
Received: 25 April 2024 | Accepted: 30 October 2024 | Published online: 27 November 2024
Issue online: December 2024
Abstract

Probiotics are microorganisms that are safe and stable under product development conditions and are used as adjuncts to food and drugs to promote health, including the acceleration of nutrient digestion. Here, we present evidence on the ability of two isolates, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BCRC-16100 and L. paracasei ZFM54, to (1) enhance carbohydrate digestion, (2) tolerate processing conditions, and (3) demonstrate safety in terms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These approaches include whole-genome sequence (WGS) analysis, gene expression, and bioactivity assays. WGS revealed genes encoding enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion, tolerance to processing conditions, and AMR. The ability of the two strains to digest carbohydrates was confirmed by glucose release when cultured alongside starch. The isolates also showed versatility across a range of temperatures and alcohol concentrations, indicating their suitability for product development. Genes cause AMR, particularly against vancomycin, through three mechanisms: transporter control, transcriptional regulation, and efflux pumps. Furthermore, promoter, gene expression, and transposable element analyses showed that some upregulated AMR genes in the presence of antimicrobials were transposable. Altogether, we show the potential of the two isolates for incorporation into products as probiotics to improve carbohydrate digestion, while considering precautions regarding mobile AMR genes that may compromise safety.

Keywords

Probiotics, Nutrient Digestion, Antibiotic Resistance, Antibacterial Activity, Whole Genome Sequence

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© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.