ISSN: 0973-7510

E-ISSN: 2581-690X

Research Article | Open Access
Ni Kadek Yunita Sari1,2 , Putu Angga Wiradana2, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari2, I Gede Widhiantara2, Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan3, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori4, Komang Januartha Putra Pinatih5, I Made Jawi6 and Ketut Suastika7
1Doctoral Study Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana (UNUD), Denpasar City, Bali Province – 80232, Indonesia.
2Research Group of Biological Health, Study Program of Biology, Faculty of Health and Science, Universitas Dhyana Pura, Jalan Raya Padangluwih, Dalung, North Kuta, Badung Regency, Bali Province – 80351, Indonesia.
3Center for Biomedical Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong – Bogor, Indonesia.
4Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus B, Jalan Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java (60286), Indonesia.
5Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Jalan P.B. Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali Province – 80232, Indonesia.
6Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Jalan P.B. Sudirman, Dangin Puri Klod, Denpasar City, Bali Province – 80232, Indonesia.
7Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Jalan P.B. Sudirman, Dangin Puri Klod, Denpasar City, Bali Province – 80232, Indonesia.
Article Number: 9686 | © The Author(s). 2024
J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2024;18(4):2288-2303. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.18.4.01
Received: 01 July 2024 | Accepted: 09 September 2024 | Published online: 05 October 2024
Issue online: December 2024
Abstract

Red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) and avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) are empirically known as one of the medicinal plants used in Taro Village, Gianyar Regency, Bali which have great potential in treating infectious diseases caused by antibiotic resistance, such as MRSA. This study aims to analyze the phytoconstituents and anti-MRSA potential contained in red ginger rhizome and avocado leaves extracts by assessing their inhibitory effects on three proteins related to MRSA resistance and virulence (PBAP2a, transglycosylase, and glycosyltransferase). Phytoconstituents of avocado leaf and red ginger extracts were analyzed using GC-MS. Molecular docking was performed in silico to determine the similarity properties of predicted drugs, bioactivity, toxicity, identification of active sites and validation of protein structures, and docking simulations were performed between compounds found in the extract and their target proteins. Phytoconstituent analysis revealed that avocado leaves and red ginger extracts as a whole have 43 types of compounds and 10 bioactive compounds each with beneficial drug-like properties. The compound 6,11-hexadecadien-1-ol from avocado leaves extracts was predicted to have hepatotoxic properties. There were at least 3 compounds, namely beta-bisabolene from avocado leaves extract, zingiberenol and gamma-curcumene from red ginger rhizome extract, showing the lowest binding affinity for the target protein. Red ginger rhizome and avocado leaves extracts showed valuable potential as anti-MRSA agents through the mechanism of inhibition of three resistance-related proteins, as predicted by in silico analysis.

Keywords

Antimicrobial Resistance, Penicillin-binding Protein-2a, Transglycosylase, Glycosyltransferase, MRSA

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© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.