ISSN: 0973-7510

E-ISSN: 2581-690X

Review Article | Open Access

S. Arya1,2 and R. Usha2

1PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Vattapara, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
2Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Article Number: 9001 | © The Author(s). 2024
J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2024;18(1):100-117. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.18.1.10
Received: 11 September 2023 | Accepted: 04 January 2024 | Published online: 02 February 2024
Issue online: March 2024
Abstract

Dental caries is a polymicrobial infection affecting the dental hard tissues. Excessive carbohydrate intake leads to the accumulation of acid-producing and acid-resistant microorganisms in the oral region. It is a biofilm-dependent oral infection with cariogenic pathogens and the most prevalent disease globally. The prevention and control of caries play a vital role in global health management.  Periodontal diseases and subgingival plaque etiology are due to the combined action of bacterial invasion and immune reaction, resulting in the devastation of periodontal tissues, culminating in tooth loss. The compact micro colony inhabiting the dental surfaces attaches with secreted polymer, forming a biofilm. Bacterial biofilm impervious to various drugs and chemicals poses a significant challenge in therapeutic scenarios of medical and odonatological infections. The quorum-sensing signaling mechanism in bacteria controls the metabolic and physiologic properties involved in bacterial existence, pathogenesis, and virulence. Hence, studies monitoring the molecular mechanism of quorum sensing and their restricted social interactions will be highly beneficial in the treatment regimen of the modern era. Natural bioactive compounds can be exploited for their medicinal value in combating oro-dental infections. Phytochemicals are promising candidates that could provide novel strategies for fighting infections. The current review highlights the mechanism of quorum sensing, plant products’ effect in controlling quorum sensing, and biofilm-induced dental infections like Periodontitis.

Keywords

Phytochemicals, Flavanoids, Biofilm, Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching

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© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.