The roles of interleukin 25 (a member of the interleukin 17 family) and interleukin 33 (a member of the interleukin 1 family) in asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness are yet to be fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of IL- 25 and IL- 33 in the diagnosis of pediatric asthma and their association with severity and treatment of the disease. This was a case-control study comprising 74 children with asthma as the patient group and 75 healthy children as the control group. The age of the participants ranged from 1 to 15 years. Levels of IL- 25 and IL- 33 in the serum were measured using ELISA kits. The highest positive predictive values (88.9%) occurred in IL- 25 with sensitivity and specificity of about 97.3% and 88.0% respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of IL- 33 were about 51.4% and 66.0% respectively, with a positive predictive value of about (60.3%). The present study thus found that IL- 25 had higher diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values than IL- 33 in children with asthma. In addition, both interleukins were found to have a statistical significance regarding treatment of the disease in children.