ISSN: 0973-7510

E-ISSN: 2581-690X

Review Article | Open Access
Priyadarshini Dey1, S. Vaijayanthimala2, Vivek S. Dalvi3, Ashu Jain3,Deepak Gola4 , Medha Bajpai4, Randhir K. Bharti5 and Nitin Chauhan6
1Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru – 560 054, India.
2Department of Physics, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru – 560 054, India.
3Applied Microbiology Laboratory, CRDT, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi – 110 016, India.
4Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida – 201 306, U.P, India.
5DS Kothari Post-Doctoral Fellow, University School of Environmental Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi – 110 078, India.
6Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi – 110 007, India.
+All authors contributed equally to this work
J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2020;14(4):2235-2251 | Article Number: 6432
https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.14.4.02 | © The Author(s). 2020
Received: 26/05/2020 | Accepted: 09/11/2020 | Published: 27/11/2020
Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has showed high transmission across the continents due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with total infected cases of around ~ 44 million people. This communicable virus that initiated from the Wuhan city of China in the month of December 2020 has now spread to 189 different countries with 1.1 million fatalities worldwide (till 28 Oct, 2020). The World Health Organization (WHO) declared this outbreak as Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January, 2020. The infection spreads mainly due to contact with infected droplets or fomites, highlighting flu like symptoms initially, which may further progress into severe pneumonia and respiratory failure, often observed in elderly patients with prehistory of other diseases. The diagnosis is based on detection of viral antigen, human antibody and viral gene (RT-PCR). Further, various other diagnostic tools including X-ray, CT-scan are used for imaging purpose, recently artificial intelligence based imaging (contactless scanning) gained popularity. Generally testing of existing drugs (repurposing) and development of new molecules are the main strategies adopted by researchers. However, as per initial findings, various drugs, monoclonal antibody and plasma therapy were found to show effectiveness against COVID-19. Further, many vaccine candidates have entered or will soon enter phase III clinical testing. This disease has further challenged the global economy. Thus, this review uniquely compares the strategies adopted by developed and developing countries worldwide including protective measures like lockdown, continuous testing, utilizing latest tools (artificial intelligence) in curbing this infection spread.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, pandemic, plasma therapy, artificial intelligence

Article Metrics

Article View: 909

Share This Article

© The Author(s) 2020. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.