T.K. Radha1,2, D.L.N. Rao3 and K.R. Sreeramulu
1Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, Bengaluru-560 089, India.
2 Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabi Bagh, Bhopal-462 038, India.
3University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru-560065, India.
Abstract
Biological control of plant pathogens is assuming increasing importance in organic and low input sustainable agriculture. Forty one Actinobacterial strains isolated from the arid, semi arid and humid regions of Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh in India were tested for their antagonism to four plant pathogenic fungi viz., Macrophominaphaseolina, Sclerotiumrolfsii, Rhizoctoniasolaniand Fusariumoxysporum. The Streptomyces strains from humid regions were more effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina(62.8%). Arid and semi arid region strains (40.8 and 40.6%) were almost similar in inhibiting mycelial growth of Sclerotiumrolfsii compared to humid region strains. Semi arid region strains (24.2%) were more effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of Rhizoctoniasolanifollowed by arid and humid region strains. However only the arid region strains (44.5%) showed inhibition towards Fusariumoxysporum. The strains with best antogonistic ability (10 no.s) also exhibited other plant growth promoting traits like production of Indole acetic acid (1.9 – 5.7 mg ml-1)and Gibberellic acid (24.1-41.4 mg ml-1). All the strains except Streptomyces A30 could solubilize P from inorganic tri-calcium phosphate. The amount of P solubilization ranged from 3.2 – 6.8%. All the strains except Streptomyces A40 produced alkaline phosphatase which ranged from 60.0-160.9 µg p-nitrophenol/ml /h. Some strains produced ammonia whereas none of the strains produced HCN, siderophore or exhibited chitinase activity. In a glass house evaluation in soil microcosms, among the ten strains Streptomyces A6 was found best for promoting maize and Streptomyces A17 for chickpea growth.
Keywords: Actinobacteria, Streptomyces, Biocontrol, PGPR, dryland crops.