ISSN: 0973-7510

E-ISSN: 2581-690X

Research Article | Open Access
Ritika Garg, Shweta Dang and Pammi Gauba
Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Article Number: 10001 | © The Author(s). 2025
J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2025;19(1):345-360. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.19.1.25
Received: 21 October 2024 | Accepted: 25 December 2024 | Published online: 27 February 2025
Issue online: March 2025
Abstract

Heavy metal contamination of soil and water poses serious risks to human health and ecosystems. This study focuses on two bacterial strains, Achromobacter insolitus PGRG5 and Enterobacter sp. PGRG2, known for their tolerance and bioaccumulation of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni). Their potential for bioremediation was examined using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The bacteria were cultured in nutrient broth containing heavy metals (1000 ppm Pb(NO3)2, 750 ppm CdCl2‚ ·H2O, 200 ppm Ni (NO3 )2 ) to assess changes in biomolecular structures due to metal exposure. FTIR analysis revealed distinct and specific binding interactions between heavy metal ions and bacterial functional groups. These interactions include hydrogen bonding with hydroxyl (O-H) and amine (N-H) groups, ionic interactions with negatively charged phosphate and carboxyl groups, and coordination bonds with carbonyl (C=O) and amino groups in proteins. The evidence for these mechanisms was observed through shifts in key FTIR peaks, such as the O-H and N-H stretching regions (e.g., 3280.1 cm-1), phosphate stretching vibrations (e.g., 1233.7 cm-1), and amide I and II peaks (e.g., 1636.3 cm-1 and 1528.2 cm-1). These interactions provide insights into the mechanisms of metal bioaccumulation and stress adaptation. The findings highlight Enterobacter sp. PGRG2 and Achromobacter insolitus PGRG5 as promising candidates for bioremediation, offering potential solutions for mitigating heavy metal pollution in contaminated environments.

Keywords

Heavy Metals, FTIR, Bioaccumulation, Soil, Environment

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© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.