<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.0 20120330//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.0/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<!--<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="article.xsl"?>-->
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en"
    xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.20.4.15</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Production of Antigenic Bovine Interferon-γ Homologue and Antiserum by Improved Codon Usage Bias in E. coli: A Combined In Silico and In Vitro Approach</article-title>
            </title-group>
			
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib-group>
            <contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Cobián-García</surname>
                    <given-names>A.</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
            </contrib>

            <contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Vazquez</surname>
                    <given-names>Angel</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
            </contrib>

            <contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Hernández-Gutiérrez</surname>
                    <given-names>R.</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
            </contrib>

            <contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Gutiérrez-Ortega</surname>
                    <given-names>A.</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
            </contrib>

            <contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Martínez-Velázquez</surname>
                    <given-names>M.</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
            </contrib>

            <contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Camacho-Villegas</surname>
                    <given-names>TA.</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
            </contrib>

            <contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Espinosa-Andrews</surname>
                    <given-names>H.</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
            </contrib>

            <contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Bravo-Madrigal</surname>
                    <given-names>J.</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
            </contrib>

            <contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Alvarez</surname>
                    <given-names>AH.</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
            </contrib>
        </contrib-group>
				
			</contrib-group>
                      <aff id="aff-1">Center of Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A. C. Normalistas No. 800., 44270, Guadalajara, Jal., Mexico.</aff>

            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-28">
                <day>28</day>
				<month>10</month>
                <year>2026</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume></volume>
            <issue></issue>
            <fpage></fpage>
            <lpage></lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2026 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiologyjournal.org/production-of-antigenic-bovine-interferon-%ce%b3-homologue-and-antiserum-by-improved-codon-usage-bias-in-e-coli-a-combined-in-silico-and-in-vitro-approach/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p>Bovine interferon-gamma (b-IFN-γ) is a key cytokine biomarker, the activity of which increases during chronic animal infection with intracellular pathogens. Disease diagnosis can be performed based on detection of the b-IFN-γ blood levels in infected animals via specific antibodies. The production of specific reagents for b-IFN-γ identification involves the gene cloning of native templates followed by protein expression, and often produces misfolded proteins due to improper translation by heterologous cell platforms. In this study, a computational approach combined with gene engineering expression technology was used for the bacterially production of a recombinant b-IFN-γ yielding 2 µg/ml soluble protein. The rb-IFN-γ was recognized by Western blot with specific monoclonal antibodies and bovine IFN-γ-capture ELISA. The recombinant cytokine demonstrated good in vivo immunogenic properties, raising mouse polyclonal antibodies titers of above 51.2K, and allowing recognition of blood plasma b-IFN-γ. The synthesized bovine cytokine is expected to aid in developing b-IFN-γ specific immunoassays for diagnosing bovine infectious diseases.</p></abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Gene Optimization</kwd>
        <kwd>Bioinformatics</kwd>
        <kwd>Escherichia coli</kwd>
        <kwd>Soluble Bovine IFN-γ</kwd>
        <kwd>Mouse Antiserum</kwd>
        <kwd>Immunodetection</kwd>
		</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>