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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.20.4.08</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Antiviral Activity of Volatile Compounds on Sonchus arvensis L. as Dengue Fusion Inhibitor Against Viral Entry through Viroinformatics Study</article-title>
            </title-group>
 
			<contrib-group>


				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Kharisma</surname>
                        <given-names>Viol Dhea</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
			
			
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Wahyuni</surname>
                        <given-names>Dwi Kusuma</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
			
			
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Sucipto</surname>
                        <given-names>Teguh Hari</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                </contrib>
			
			
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Ansori</surname>
                        <given-names>Arif Nur Muhammad</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
                </contrib>
			
			
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Rollando</surname>
                        <given-names>Rollando</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
                </contrib>
			
			
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Purnobasuki</surname>
                        <given-names>Hery</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
				
			</contrib-group>


                    <aff id="aff-1">Doctoral Program of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.</aff>
					<aff id="aff-2">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.</aff>
					<aff id="aff-3">Dengue Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.</aff>
					<aff id="aff-4">Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.</aff>
					<aff id="aff-5">Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Ma Chung, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.</aff>


            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-12">
                <day>12</day>
				<month>10</month>
                <year>2026</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume></volume>
            <issue></issue>
            <fpage></fpage>
            <lpage></lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2026 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiologyjournal.org/antiviral-activity-of-volatile-compounds-on-sonchus-arvensis-l-as-dengue-fusion-inhibitor-against-viral-entry-through-viroinformatics-study/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p>Dengue virus (DENV) infection is caused by Aedes sp. mosquitoes such as A. aegypti, A. albopictus, and A. scutellaris. DENV has been reported to possess a cell tropism consisting of mast cells, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, macrophages, langerhans, and keratinocytes. Viral replication consists of various stages such as attachment, fusion, replication of genetic material, assembly, and virus release. Fusion inhibitors often act to interfere with the endocytosis process mediated by parts on the virus and host receptor. However, few previous studies have used in silico approaches to screen candidate DENV fusion inhibitors with bioactive compounds. Several volatile compounds such as flavonoids contained in Sonchus arvensis L. leaf extracts are predicted to have potential for treatment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the activity of volatile compounds from Sonchus arvensis L. to inhibit DENV fusion through in silico approach. The in silico methods used were ligand collection, protein retrieval, druglikeness prediction, virtual screening, molecular interaction analysis, molecular dynamics, toxicity profiling, and antiviral probability. The results showed that volatile compounds from Sonchus arvensis L. consisting of Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, Phytol, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl)ester, and Benzoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester could inhibit DENV fusion through binding to DENV proteins.</p></abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Antiviral</kwd>
        <kwd>Dengue</kwd>
        <kwd>Fusion Inhibitors</kwd>
        <kwd>Sonchus arvensis</kwd>
        <kwd>Viroinformatics</kwd>
		</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>