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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.20.3.45</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>The Global Evolution of Antibiotic-resistant Landscape in Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Linked with Escherichia coli: A Quantitative Trend Analysis</article-title>
            </title-group>
 
			<contrib-group>


					<contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Das</surname>
                    <given-names>Awantika</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
            </contrib>

			<contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Roy</surname>
                    <given-names>Ritwik</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
            </contrib>

			<contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Ghosh</surname>
                    <given-names>Piyasa</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
            </contrib>

			<contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Maity</surname>
                    <given-names>Alakesh</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
            </contrib>

			<contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Bhattacharjee</surname>
                    <given-names>Tamal</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
            </contrib>

			<contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Trivedi</surname>
                    <given-names>Saranya</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
            </contrib>

			<contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Paul</surname>
                    <given-names>Payel</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
            </contrib>

			<contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Das</surname>
                    <given-names>Sharmistha</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
            </contrib>

			<contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Sarkar</surname>
                    <given-names>Sarita</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
            </contrib>

			<contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Chakraborty</surname>
                    <given-names>Poulomi</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
            </contrib>

			<contrib contrib-type="author">
                <name>
                    <surname>Tribedi</surname>
                    <given-names>Prosun</given-names>
                </name>
                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
            </contrib>
				
			</contrib-group>


      <aff id="aff-1">Microbiology Department, Suraksha Clinic and Diagnostics, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.</aff>
      <aff id="aff-2">Microbial Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal, India.</aff>
      <aff id="aff-3">Institute of Leadership, Entrepreneurship and Development, Affiliated to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (Formerly WBUT), Kolkata, West Bengal, India.</aff>


            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-01">
                <day>01</day>
				<month>09</month>
                <year>2026</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>20</volume>
            <issue>3</issue>
            <fpage>2490</fpage>
            <lpage>2502</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2026 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiologyjournal.org/the-global-evolution-of-antibiotic-resistant-landscape-in-urinary-tract-infections-utis-linked-with-escherichia-coli-a-quantitative-trend-analysis/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) represents a major global health threat, compromising therapeutic efficacy and undermining socio-economic stability. This study includes a large-scale quantitative trend analysis of nearly 50,000 research articles published between 1973 and 2025 to address the longitudinal dynamics of AMR in UTI-associated E. coli. Abstract-level text mining was employed to retrieve antibiotic-specific resistance evidence, followed by normalized resistance proportion estimation, log-linear regression modeling, Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) analysis, rank-shift comparison, and Total Active Resistance Years (TARY)-based persistence profiling. The findings indicate a marked global increase in resistance to commonly prescribed first-line antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Notably, carbapenems and fosfomycin also exhibited significant upward EAPC trends, indicating emerging resistance to these antibiotics despite being considered last-resort agents. Especially, the rising EAPC trends for carbapenem and fosfomycin exhibits both emerging resistance patterns and intensified reporting associated with expanded clinical usage of these last resort antibiotics. Rank-shift and persistence analyses further indicated antibiotic-specific heterogeneity, distinguishing entrenched long-term resistance from rapidly emerging threats. Geographic publication patterns paralleled epidemiological transitions, underscoring the worldwide expansion of the AMR burden. Collectively, this multidimensional bibliometric framework advances AMR surveillance from static reporting to dynamic resistance intelligence, providing critical insights to inform empirical therapy, antimicrobial stewardship, and global policy interventions.</p></abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Escherichia coli</kwd>
        <kwd>Urinary Tract Infection</kwd>
        <kwd>Antimicrobial Resistance</kwd>
        <kwd>Trend Analysis</kwd>
		</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>