Luffa acutangula aqueous peel extract was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the effective green and sustainable synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs). By using ridge gourd peel for the environmentally friendly synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles with possible medicinal uses, the current study highlights the valorization of agricultural waste. The current work explicitly uses Luffa acutangula peel waste as a low-cost bioresource for nanoparticle synthesis and antibacterial assessment, in contrast to previously reported plant-mediated syntheses of NiO nanoparticles. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-visible spectroscopy were used to analyze the biosynthesized NiO nanoparticles. The development of nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-visible analysis, which revealed a distinctive absorption peak at 320 nm. Phenols, flavonoids, alcohols, and carboxylic groups were among the phytochemicals that were involved in the reduction and stability of NiO nanoparticles, according to FTIR spectra. The synthesised compound was confirmed by XRD investigation. Particle diameters ranging from 13-18 nm were found to be almost spherical and somewhat agglomerated by FESEM examination. Nickel NPS’s antibacterial properties can engage with the bacterial cell membrane’s ROS. Assess the agent’s possible antibacterial capabilities against harmful bacteria. This study sheds insight on the environmentally friendly method of producing nickel oxide nanoparticles with potential medical uses.