The present study investigated the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of the hexane flower extract of Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bhandari. The crude extract obtained from dried flowers was dark yellow, viscous, and possessed a characteristic floral odor, with an extraction yield of 20.78% (w/w). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis detected 100 chromatographic peaks corresponding to 94 identified compounds, representing approximately 99.1% of the total peak area. The extract was predominantly composed of fatty acid derivatives (43.67%), followed by sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (31.09%), other identified constituents (18.22%), sterols and triterpenoids (5.57%), and monoterpenes (0.55%). The major constituents were 1H-cyclopropa[a]naphthalene derivative (10.08%), cyclohexane (9.50%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (7.18%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (4.91%), and β-sitosterol (4.15%). The antibacterial activity of the extract was evaluated against representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the disc diffusion method. The extract inhibited the growth of all tested bacterial strains, with inhibition zones ranging from 6.33 ± 0.58 to 16.00 ± 1.73 mm. The strongest activity was observed against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi, followed by Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Bacillus cereus. However, the antibacterial activity was significantly lower than that of streptomycin (P < 0.05). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.488 to 500 mg/mL, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were either 500 mg/mL or >500 mg/mL, depending on the bacterial strain. These findings demonstrate that the hexane flower extract of A. hexapetalus contains diverse bioactive phytochemicals, particularly fatty acid derivatives and sesquiterpenes, and exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results provide a scientific basis for further studies on the isolation and characterization of antibacterial compounds from A. hexapetalus.