<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.0 20120330//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.0/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<!--<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="article.xsl"?>-->
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en"
    xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.20.1.59</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Biofortification of Millets with Zinc and Iron by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>

				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Garg</surname>
                        <given-names>Nitika</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Gupta</surname>
                        <given-names>Namarta</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Vyas</surname>
                        <given-names>Pratibha</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Bhardwaj</surname>
                        <given-names>Ruchika</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                </contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Goyal</surname>
                        <given-names>Meenakshi</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                </contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Kaur</surname>
                        <given-names>Gagandeep</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
			</contrib-group>


			<aff id="aff-1">Department of Botany, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.</aff>
			<aff id="aff-2">Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.</aff>
			<aff id="aff-3">Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.</aff>



            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-09">
                <day>09</day>
				<month>03</month>
                <year>2026</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>20</volume>
            <issue>1</issue>
            <fpage>139</fpage>
            <lpage>149</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2026 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiologyjournal.org/biofortification-of-millets-with-zinc-and-iron-by-plant-growth-promoting-rhizobacteria-pgpr/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p>Millets are an abundant source of micronutrients with great variability and are known as Miracle Grains/Nutri-cereals. Biofortification by plant growth promoting bacteria in millet cultivars with increased levels of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) can significantly reduce the prevalence of their deficiencies which are common in developing countries that rely mostly on cereals for their nutritional needs and dietary energy. This paper reviews the importance of PGPR in enhancing the availability of zinc and iron in millets through mineral solubilization via siderophore production. This results in acidification of soil by releasing organic acids that binds to cations thus making them available to the plant.</p>
		</abstract>
		<kwd-group>
		<kwd>Biofortification</kwd>
		<kwd>Iron</kwd>
		<kwd>Millets</kwd>
		<kwd>Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)</kwd>
		<kwd>Zinc</kwd>
		</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>
