<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.0 20120330//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.0/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<!--<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="article.xsl"?>-->
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en"
    xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.20.1.29</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Growth Parameters Optimization for Enhancing Antimicrobial Compound Production by Bacillus tropicus AntC3 Isolated from Sewage Effluent Contaminated Soil of Andhra Pradesh, India</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>

				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Kishore</surname>
                        <given-names>V.V.S.R. Krishna</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>

				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Madhavi</surname>
                        <given-names>Jattavathu</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
			</contrib-group>


          <aff id="aff-1">Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.</aff>



            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-25">
                <day>25</day>
				<month>02</month>
                <year>2026</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>20</volume>
            <issue>1</issue>
            <fpage>437</fpage>
            <lpage>445</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2026 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiologyjournal.org/growth-parameters-optimization-for-enhancing-antimicrobial-compound-production-by-bacillus-tropicus-antc3-isolated-from-sewage-effluent-contaminated-soil-of-andhra-pradesh-india/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p>The study aim to screen and characterize antibiotic producing bacteria isolated from sewage contaminated soil samples in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Sewage samples were collected and bacterial isolation was performed using serial dilution. A total of 30 bacterial isolates were obtained and they were designated as AntC1-AntC30. Each bacterial isolate was screened for its antibacterial activity following a standard agar well diffusion method against two test bacterial culture (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). The isolate AntC3 exhibited strong antibacterial activity; hence, it was further characterized by using polyphasic taxonomic studies including 16S rRNA analysis. The potent strain showed 99% similarity to known sequences in the NCBI database and identified as Bacillus tropicus (MK396662). “Optimization of culture conditions (incubation period 18 hrs, temperature 37 °C, pH 7.0, 1% fructose, and 1% beef extract as optimal carbon and Nitrogen sources, respectively) significantly enhanced antibacterial activity”. Based on the findings from the present/current study, the strain Bacillus tropicus AntC3 isolated from the sewage samples of Visakhapatnam could be the promising source of potential bioactive metabolites.</p>
		</abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Sewage Effluents</kwd>
        <kwd>Bacillus tropicus AntC3</kwd>
        <kwd>Antibacterial Activity</kwd>
        <kwd>Optimization</kwd>
        <kwd>Antimicrobial Activity</kwd>
		</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>
