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<article article-type="Short-Communication" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en"
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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.19.2.33</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Molecular Characterization of MRSA in Seafood: Potential for Virtual Transmission Tracking</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>

				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Vaiyapuri</surname>
                        <given-names>Murugadas</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>

				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Tony</surname>
                        <given-names>Ancy</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>

				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Sivam</surname>
                        <given-names>Visnuvinayagam</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>

				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Koombankallil</surname>
                        <given-names>Reshmi</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>

				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Narayanan</surname>
                        <given-names>Sreejith Vyyokaran</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>

				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Sumathi</surname>
                        <given-names>Ezhil Nilavan</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>

				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Joseph</surname>
                        <given-names>Toms Cheriyath</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>

				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Badireddy</surname>
                        <given-names>Madhusudana Rao</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>

				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Mothadaka</surname>
                        <given-names>Mukteswar Prasad</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
				
			</contrib-group>


          <aff id="aff-1">Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-CIFT, Matsyapuri Post, Willingdon Island, Cochin, Kerala, India.</aff>
          <aff id="aff-2">Visakhapatnam Research Centre of ICAR-CIFT, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.</aff>



            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-31">
                <day>31</day>
				<month>05</month>
                <year>2025</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>19</volume>
            <issue>2</issue>
            <fpage>979</fpage>
            <lpage>988</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2025 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiologyjournal.org/molecular-characterization-of-mrsa-in-seafood-potential-for-virtual-transmission-tracking/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a persistent pathogen in the seafood industry, raising concerns for food safety. Identifying the origin and transmission of MRSA is highly critical to control its spread, thereby acts as a potential tool for virtual networking of MRSA transmission in seafood. The study was conducted in the seafood commodities across two fish landing centres and three adjoining retail fish markets of Kottayam district, Kerala. Seventy-four samples were collected by a set sampling plan and the samples were repeated for validating transmission tracking. The Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing, clumping factor B, capsular polysaccharide and accessory gene regulator typing was accomplished on MRSA isolates to identify the type of strain present in the sample and their probable dissemination between the fish landing centres to retail fish markets. The molecular typing tools categorized the MRSA isolates into CP5-clfb-(t334), CP8-clfb-(t304, t3841, t304 and t127). Discriminatory power (D) was highest for spa typing than others tools. The study confirms the existence of MRSA in seafood and notices that MRSA are carried through seafood from landing centres to their adjoining retail markets. MRSA, owing to its recently established persistence in the seafood and spa typing tool due to its cost-effectiveness can be used in combination for the virtual networking of the transmission of seafood. Prior to this, the diversity of each location needs to be mapped.</p>
		</abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>MRSA</kwd>
        <kwd>Seafood</kwd>
        <kwd>Virtual Networking</kwd>
        <kwd>Spa Typing</kwd>
		</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>
