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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en"
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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.18.4.53</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Carbohydrate Hydrolytic Activity, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Stress Tolerance of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BCRC-16100 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ZFM54 for Probiotics Using Genomic and Biochemical Approaches</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Gann</surname>
                        <given-names>Peter James Icalia</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
                </contrib>
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Fabia</surname>
                        <given-names>Jimmbeth Zenila P.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Pagurayan</surname>
                        <given-names>Althea Gay B.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Agcaoili</surname>
                        <given-names>Ma. Joy Theresa</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Pascual</surname>
                        <given-names>Ryan James J.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Baranda</surname>
                        <given-names>Suerte M.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Racho</surname>
                        <given-names>Arc Josam J.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
                </contrib>
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Olivar</surname>
                        <given-names>Marvielyn P.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Cariaga</surname>
                        <given-names>Jayson F.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Domingo</surname>
                        <given-names>Alvin</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Bucao</surname>
                        <given-names>Dionisio S.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Agrupis</surname>
                        <given-names>Shirley C.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                </contrib>
			
			</contrib-group>
			
			
          <aff id="aff-1">Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, College of Medicine, Mariano Marcos State University, Batac 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.</aff>
          <aff id="aff-2">Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mariano Marcos State University, Batac 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.</aff>
          <aff id="aff-3">Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Mariano Marcos State University, Batac 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.</aff>
          <aff id="aff-4">Department of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food, and Sustainable Development, Mariano Marcos State University, Batac 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.</aff>
          <aff id="aff-5">National Bioenergy Research and Innovation Center, Mariano Marcos State University, Batac 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.</aff>
          <aff id="aff-6">Research Directorate, Mariano Marcos State University, Batac 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.</aff>

			 
			 			
			
            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-27">
                <day>27</day>
				<month>11</month>
                <year>2024</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>18</volume>
            <issue>4</issue>
            <fpage>2806</fpage>
            <lpage>2822</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2024 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri 
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiologyjournal.org/carbohydrate-hydrolytic-activity-antimicrobial-resistance-and-stress-tolerance-of-lacticaseibacillus-paracasei-bcrc-16100-and-lacticaseibacillus-paracasei-zfm54-for-probiotics-using-genomic-and-bioc/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p>Probiotics are microorganisms that are safe and stable under product development conditions and are used as adjuncts to food and drugs to promote health, including the acceleration of nutrient digestion. Here, we present evidence on the ability of two isolates, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BCRC-16100 and L. paracasei ZFM54, to (1) enhance carbohydrate digestion, (2) tolerate processing conditions, and (3) demonstrate safety in terms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These approaches include whole-genome sequence (WGS) analysis, gene expression, and bioactivity assays. WGS revealed genes encoding enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion, tolerance to processing conditions, and AMR. The ability of the two strains to digest carbohydrates was confirmed by glucose release when cultured alongside starch. The isolates also showed versatility across a range of temperatures and alcohol concentrations, indicating their suitability for product development. Genes cause AMR, particularly against vancomycin, through three mechanisms: transporter control, transcriptional regulation, and efflux pumps. Furthermore, promoter, gene expression, and transposable element analyses showed that some upregulated AMR genes in the presence of antimicrobials were transposable. Altogether, we show the potential of the two isolates for incorporation into products as probiotics to improve carbohydrate digestion, while considering precautions regarding mobile AMR genes that may compromise safety.</p>
		</abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Probiotics</kwd>
        <kwd>Nutrient Digestion</kwd>
        <kwd>Antibiotic Resistance</kwd>
        <kwd>Antibacterial Activity</kwd>
        <kwd>Whole Genome Sequence</kwd>
		</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>
