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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en"
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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.17.3.12</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Effect of Different pHs and Temperatures on Stability and Mode of Action of Musa paradisiaca L. Flower Extract against Foodborne Pathogens and Food Spoilage Microorganisms</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Mousa</surname>
                        <given-names>Khadija Ahmed</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
						<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Padzil</surname>
                        <given-names>Khairul Naim Md.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Rukayadi</surname>
                        <given-names>Yaya</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Shamsudin</surname>
                        <given-names>Nik Iskandar Putra</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Abas</surname>
                        <given-names>Faridah</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
								            		
            </contrib-group>
			
			
          <aff id="aff-1">Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-2">Natural Medicine and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.</aff>
			  <aff id="aff-3">Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.</aff>
			 			
			
            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-28">
                <day>28</day>
				<month>07</month>
                <year>2023</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>17</volume>
            <issue>3</issue>
            <fpage>1495</fpage>
            <lpage>1508</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2023 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri 
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiologyjournal.org/effect-of-different-phs-and-temperatures-on-stability-and-mode-of-action-of-musa-paradisiaca-l-flower-extract-against-foodborne-pathogens-and-food-spoilage-microorganisms/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p>Raw foods contain harmful microorganisms that can infect processed foods and cause them to spoilage. To ensure safety and sustainability, processed foods are categorized depending on the required level of heat treatment and pH levels. This study aimed to assess the effect of different pHs and temperatures on the stability and mode of action of M. paradisiaca L. flower extract. The inhibition zone results after treating extracts with different pHs (3, 6, 7, and 11) for pathogenic bacteria and food spoilage ranged between 6.33 ± 0.47 to 16.67 ± 0.94 mm, and 6.00 ± 0.00 to 10.00 ± 0.00 mm, respectively. In terms of temperatures for foodborne pathogens (30, 50 and 80°C), E. coli showed the highest inhibition zone (11.67 ± 0.47 mm) at 30°C, while B. megaterium (12.00 ± 0.94 mm and 12.33 ± 0.47 mm) at 50 and 80°C. For the food fungi, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis showed the highest inhibition zone (8.33 ± 1.25 mm). The highest cell constituent release was at the concentration of 4×MIC for 4 and 96 h incubation and was found to be at 2.069%, 1.621%, 1.428%, and 1.643% for B. subtilis, E. coli, C.albicans and Asp. niger, respectively. The highest crystal violet uptake for B. subtilis, E. coli, C. albicans, and Asp. niger was 1.881, 2.082, 2.329, and 0.982 at 4׳ MIC after treatment for 4 and 96 h, respectively. In conclusion, M. paradisiaca L. flower extract exhibited antimicrobial activity, which showed stability after being subjected to different pHs and temperatures and can be developed as a natural sanitizing agent for washing raw foodstuffs.</p>
		</abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Musa paradisiaca</kwd>
        <kwd>Antimicrobial Activity</kwd>
		<kwd>Flower Extract</kwd>
		<kwd>Cell Constituents Release</kwd>
        <kwd>Crystal Violet</kwd>
		
			</kwd-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    </article>
