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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.17.2.10</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Molecular Characterization of Microbial Quality of Ready-to-eat Salads using Multi-locus Sequence Typing</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Alrehaili</surname>
                        <given-names>Jihad</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
						<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Almarri</surname>
                        <given-names>Firas K.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Kumar</surname>
                        <given-names>Sunil</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Mustafa</surname>
                        <given-names>Shoeb</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Alshehri</surname>
                        <given-names>Hassan</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Haque</surname>
                        <given-names>Shafiul</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Azzi</surname>
                        <given-names>Arezki</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Anwer</surname>
                        <given-names>Razique</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
								            		
            </contrib-group>
			
			
          <aff id="aff-1">Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-2">College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-3">Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-4">Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-5">Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-6">Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-7">Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-8">Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</aff>
			 			
			
            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-17">
                <day>17</day>
				<month>04</month>
                <year>2023</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>17</volume>
            <issue>2</issue>
            <fpage>838</fpage>
            <lpage>848</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2023 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri 
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiologyjournal.org/molecular-characterization-of-microbial-quality-of-ready-to-eat-salads-using-multi-locus-sequence-typing/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p> Uncertainty persists concerning the role of ready-to-eat (RTE) salad as a bacterial reservoir. The attention paid to food safety by international agencies and international regulations has not improved food safety despite technological advancements, RTE salad’s microbiological quality and safety still seems challenging. The present study’s objective was to detect any microorganism in the RTE salads sold in supermarkets of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to interpret the susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria to a set of antimicrobials. Phenotypic methods and biochemical analysis were used to identify the isolated bacterium from each salad sample. Antibiograms of the isolated bacteria was determined by VITEK system 2. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was performed for 15 Escherichia coli isolates for investigating evolutionary relationship and genetic analysis. The culture-based technique showed that the major species identified in samples were Aeromonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., E. coli, Roultella ornithinolytica, Citrobacter koseri, Luciferciaadec arboxylata, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Aerococcus viridians. Remarkably, Acinetobacter spp. showed the highest antibiotic resistance to erythromycin, nitrofurantoin and co-trimoxazole. ST 1887 was the most common one traced in 3 E. coli isolates, when total of 12 STs (sequence types) were specified to 15 isolates. A total of three clonal complexes (CC); CC-12, CC-14 &#38; CC-23 were reported in this study. Implementing an accurate, rapid, and easy microbiological analysis method could be valuable for providing higher quality products. Based on the obtained results, dedicated regular RTE salad quality monitoring is recommended, and hand hygiene should be maintained while handling and packaging of RTE.</p>
		</abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Antibiotic Resistance</kwd>
        <kwd>VITEK System 2</kwd>
		<kwd>MLST</kwd>
		<kwd>Microbial Contamination</kwd>
        <kwd>RTE Salad</kwd>
		<kwd>Supermarkets</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    </article>
