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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.17.1.07</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>A Laboratory Perspective on an Epidemiological
Pattern of Infectious Gastroenteritis: A Five-year
Surveillance between 2016 to 2020 from Established
Private Healthcare Centers within Klang Valley in
Malaysia</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Nor</surname>
                        <given-names>Fadzilah Mohd</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
				
						<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Aazmi</surname>
                        <given-names>Shafiq</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Anuar</surname>
                        <given-names>Tengku Shahrul</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Muslim</surname>
                        <given-names>Azdayanti</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Aziz</surname>
                        <given-names>Muhammad Nazri</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Ibrahim</surname>
                        <given-names>Nabila</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Yahya</surname>
                        <given-names>Mohd Fakharul Zaman Raja</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Zainuri</surname>
                        <given-names>Siti Nabilah</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Yusof</surname>
                        <given-names>Farida Zuraina Mohd</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
								            		
            </contrib-group>
			
			
          <aff id="aff-1">Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital,
Sungai Buloh, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-2">Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus,
42300 Selangor, Malaysia.</aff>
			  <aff id="aff-3">School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia.</aff>
			   <aff id="aff-4">Centre for Medical Laboratory Technology Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia.</aff>
			    <aff id="aff-5">Lablink (M) Sdn. Bhd, 14(129) Jalan Pahang Barat, Off Jalan Pahang, 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.</aff>
			 			
			
            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-01-24">
                <day>24</day>
				<month>01</month>
                <year>2023</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>17</volume>
            <issue>1</issue>
            <fpage>180</fpage>
            <lpage>192</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2023 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri 
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiologyjournal.org/a-laboratory-perspective-on-an-epidemiological-pattern-of-infectious-gastroenteritis-a-five-year-surveillance-between-2016-to-2020-from-established-private-healthcare-centers-within-klang-valley-in-m/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p> Infectious gastroenteritis is endemic globally and caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites. The study
determined the epidemiological pattern of infectious gastroenteritis within selected urban areas in
Malaysia. Analysis of 745 laboratory requests was conducted based on FilmArray gastrointestinal assay
and socio-demographic details from suspected cases in KPJ hospitals in Klang Valley, Malaysia, between
2016 to 2020. Descriptive analysis and Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact testing were performed to ascertain
the relationship between socio-demographics with the type of infections. Of 745 requests, 288 (38.7%)
were caused by one etiological agent (mono-infection), while the remaining 334 (44.8%) were due to
more than one agent (co-infection). Mono-infection was significantly higher among adolescents (n=9;
47.4%) and young adults (n=37; 40.2%) in comparison to adults (n=18; 35.3%). Whereas co-infection was
significantly higher in infants (n=216; 49.2%). Mono-infection was mainly caused by bacteria (n=194/288;
67.4%) with Salmonella spp. was prevalent (16.6%), followed by EPEC (12.5%), Campylobacter spp.
(11.9%) and Norovirus (10.5%). The co-infections (n=334) were identified with a combination of EPEC
and the following bacteria or viruses (Norovirus=38, Campylobacter spp.=30, Salmonella spp.=26,
EAEC=22, Rotavirus=19, Adenovirus=10). The month of August to October was recognised as the peak
season for infectious gastroenteritis. The present findings may indicate contamination of infectious
agents to the food supply and food processing chain as well as reduced hygiene in food sanitation
leading to foodborne health issues, particularly among the children in Klang Valley, Malaysia.</p>
		</abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Private Healthcare</kwd>
        <kwd>Gastroenteritis</kwd>
		<kwd>Film Array Gastrointestinal Assay</kwd>
		<kwd>Klang Valley</kwd>
        <kwd>Malaysia</kwd>
		
			</kwd-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    </article>
