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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en"
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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.16.4.57</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Fungal Biotransformation of Chlordiazepoxide and Evaluation of Type and Kinetics of Fungal Enzyme</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Keerthana</surname>
                        <given-names>M.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
						<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Vidyavathi</surname>
                        <given-names>M.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				
				
				
								            		
            </contrib-group>
			
			
          <aff id="aff-1">Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women’s University), Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India.</aff>
			 
			 			
			
            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-11-28">
                <day>28</day>
				<month>11</month>
                <year>2022</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>16</volume>
            <issue>4</issue>
            <fpage>2836</fpage>
            <lpage>2850</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2022 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri 
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiologyjournal.org/fungal-biotransformation-of-chlordiazepoxide-and-evaluation-of-type-and-kinetics-of-fungal-enzyme/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p> To produce an active metabolite of Chlordiazepoxide by fungal biotransformation in an easy and
economic way and also to develop microbial models for drug metabolism studies. Chlordiazepoxide
metabolized in the liver by CYP3A4 and forms major active metabolite N-desmethyl chlordiazepoxide.
The focus of the study was to explore the ability of six distinct fungi to biotransform the drug
Chlordiazepoxide to its metabolites. Induction, Inhibition and kinetic studies were also conducted to find
out the type and capability of enzyme involved in fungal biotransformation. The screening studies were
performed and fermentation protocol was designed with two controls (culture control and drug control)
and one sample. Extract metabolite samples were reconstituted and analysed using HPLC. Induction,
Inhibition studies were conducted similarly by maintaining its respective controls using CYP3A4 inducer
(Carbamazepine) and inhibitor (Fluoxetine), further kinetic studies were performed to find Km and
Vmax of fungal biotransformation of Chlordiazepoxide. Among six organisms Aspergillus ochreus has
shown an extra peak at 6.9 min. in HPLC when compared with its controls indicated the formation
of metabolite. The metabolite thus formed was identified, isolated and structure was confirmed by
mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy as Nor-chlordiazepoxide. During inhibition and induction
studies, it was found that quantity of the metabolite was increased with inducer and decreased with
inhibitor. The Km and Vmax of fungal metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide was 1.928 μg/ml and 0.1802
μg/ml/hr respectively. Aspergillus ochreus has the ability to biotransform the Chlordiazepoxide to its
active metabolite by CYP3A4 like enzyme and it followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics.</p>
		</abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Chlordiazepoxide</kwd>
        <kwd>Fungal Transformation</kwd>
		<kwd>Aspergillus ochreus</kwd>
		<kwd>Michaelis Menten Kinetics</kwd>
        <kwd>Induction Studies and Inhibition Studies</kwd>
		
			</kwd-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    </article>
