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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.16.2.42</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Antifungal Activity of Honey Samples from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) as affected by Botanical Origin</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Rahman</surname>
                        <given-names>Khaliq Ur</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
						<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Ullah</surname>
                        <given-names>Imdad</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Ullah</surname>
                        <given-names>Kamran</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Husain</surname>
                        <given-names>Arshad</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Ullah</surname>
                        <given-names>Shafqat</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Rauf</surname>
                        <given-names>Abdur</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Gul</surname>
                        <given-names>Zainab</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Rahman</surname>
                        <given-names>Halim Ur</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Ramadan</surname>
                        <given-names>Mohamed Fawzy</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/>
                </contrib>
				
				
								            		
            </contrib-group>
			
			
          <aff id="aff-1">Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-2">Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-3">Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-4">PCSIR Laboratories Complex Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-5">Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Pakistan.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-6">Department of Pharmacy, Riphah International University Islamabad, Pakistan.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-7">Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, P. O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia.</aff>
			 <aff id="aff-8">Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Zagazig, Egypt.</aff>
			 			
			
            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-05-31">
                <day>31</day>
				<month>05</month>
                <year>2022</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>16</volume>
            <issue>2</issue>
            <fpage>1147</fpage>
            <lpage>1153</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2022 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri 
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiologyjournal.org/antifungal-activity-of-honey-samples-from-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan-as-affected-by-botanical-origin/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p>The present study evaluated the antifungal activity of honey samples collected from different locations at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK, Pakistan). Disc diffusion method was used to test the antifungal potential of twenty-one (branded, unbranded, and natural comb) honey samples from the different botanical origins at different concentrations (undiluted, 10%, 30%, and 50%, w/v) against Candida albicans and Rhodotorula species. Branded, unbranded, and natural comb honey samples generate different inhibition zones (4-13 mm, 5-15 mm, and 8-17 mm) against Rhodotorula species. Candida albicans showed resistance for all tested honey samples. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Candida albicans and Rhodotorula species were 53.33%-88.12% and 1.76%-90.22% for branded, 61.3% – 93.8% and 9.90% – 95.5% for unbranded, and 67.1%-96.8% and 6.39%-98.8% for natural comb honey. In conclusion, natural comb honey from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa may have antifungal therapeutic potential and could be a useful source for generating functional food.</p>
		</abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Bee products</kwd>
        <kwd>biological activity</kwd>
		<kwd>Candida albicans</kwd>
		<kwd>Rhodotorula sp</kwd>
        
			</kwd-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    </article>
