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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en"
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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.15.2.47</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>The Chemical Compounds from Degradation of Profenofos and Malathion by Indigenous Bacterial Consortium</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Isworo</surname>
                        <given-names>Slamet</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
					                </contrib>
									
									
									<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Oetari</surname>
                        <given-names>Poerna Sri</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
					                </contrib>
									
						
								            		
            </contrib-group>
			
			
          <aff id="aff-1"> Department of Environmental Health, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Jl. Imam Bonjol 207,
Semarang 50131, Central Java, Indonesia.</aff>
		  <aff id="aff-2"> Environmental Impact Assessment. PT. Mitra Adhi Pranata. Jl. Cemara IV No.45, Padangsari, Banyumanik, Semarang, Indonesia.</aff>
			
			
            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-06-01">
                <day>01</day>
				<month>06</month>
                <year>2021</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>15</volume>
            <issue>2</issue>
            <fpage>897</fpage>
            <lpage>914</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2021 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri 
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiologyjournal.org/the-chemical-compounds-from-degradation-of-profenofos-and-malathion-by-indigenous-bacterial-consortium/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p>The Indonesian Pesticide Regulations state that Malathion and Profenofos have been restricted in their use for agriculture because of is bioaccumulative in ecological systems. Cleaning technology using microorganisms is an effective solution for cleaning pesticide residues. This study aims to identify the bacteria that degrade and the degradation process of Malathion and Profenophos into non-toxic compounds. The research method was experimental, identification of bacteria by 16S-rRNA gene analysis, degradation ability by GC MS. The results of phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the tested bacteria were closely related to Oceanobacillus iheyenis (RPL1) and Exiquobacterium profundum (RPL5) with a similarity level of 87% and 99%. The two bacteria are used as a consortium of test bacteria. The results of degradation based on the observation chromatogram T = 0 showed that the Malathion compound C10H19O6PS2 or butanedioic acid [(dimethoxyphosphinothioyl) thio]) was detected at peak 4, real-time = 19,675, area% = 7.37 and Profenofos compound C11H15BrClO3PSO-(4-Bromo-2-chlorophenyl)o-ethyl s-propyl thiophosphate, peak 8, real-time = 23,957, area% = 6.91. Likewise, the chromatogram results at T = 96 were still detected Malathion ((dimethoxyphosphinothioyl) thio) at peak 14, real-time = 19,675, area% = 2.25, and Profenofos (o- (4-Bromo-2-chlorophenyl)) o – ethyl. s – propyl thiophosphate) peak = 22 real-time = 23,951, area% = 2.2. However, the observation of T = 192 hours, Malathion and Profenofos compounds were not detected. The conclusion showed that the consortium bacteria were able to completely degrade Malathion and Profenophos within 192 hours.</p>
		</abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Consortium bacteria</kwd>
		<kwd>Exiquobacterium profundum</kwd>
		<kwd>Oceanobacillus iheyenis</kwd>
        <kwd>Biodegradation</kwd>
		<kwd>Malathion</kwd>
		<kwd>Profenofos</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    </article>
