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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.15.1.43</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Production and Optimization of Xylanase and α-Amylase from Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts (Pichia membranifaciens)</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>
				
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Salah</surname>
                        <given-names>Hala A</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
									
				
					
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Temerk</surname>
                        <given-names>Hanan A</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
							
				
				
					
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Salah</surname>
                        <given-names>Nivin A</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                </contrib>
							
				
					
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Alshehri</surname>
                        <given-names>Saeed Rafa Zara</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
                </contrib>
							
				
					
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Al-Harbi</surname>
                        <given-names>Jazi A.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
                </contrib>
							
				
					
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Mawad</surname>
                        <given-names>Asmaa M.M</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
                </contrib>
							
				
					
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Khaled</surname>
                        <given-names>Khaled A. M</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
                </contrib>
							
				
				
					
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Hesham</surname>
                        <given-names>Abd El-Latif</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
                </contrib>
							
				
					
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Amein</surname>
                        <given-names>Karam A</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/>
                </contrib>
							
						
								            		
            </contrib-group>
			
			
          <aff id="aff-1"> Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. </aff>
			<aff id="aff-2"> Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.</aff>
			<aff id="aff-3">Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura, University, Mansoura, Egypt.</aff>
			<aff id="aff-4">College of Technology, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia.</aff>
			<aff id="aff-5">Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia.</aff>
			<aff id="aff-6">Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut - 71516,Egypt.</aff>
			<aff id="aff-7">Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef - 62511, Egypt.</aff>
			<aff id="aff-8">Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt.</aff>
			
			
            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-03-01">
                <day>01</day>
				<month>03</month>
				<year>2021</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>15</volume>
            <issue>1</issue>
            <fpage>452</fpage>
            <lpage>461</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2021 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri 
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microbiologyjournal.org/production-and-optimization-of-xylanase-and-α-amylase-from-non-saccharomyces-yeasts-pichia-membranifaciens"/>
            <abstract>
                <p>The xylanolytic and amylolytic yeasts were qualitatively determined by Cong red xylan agar and soluble starch agar plates, respectively. The most xylanase and α-amylase inducible strain (AUN-02) was selected and identified using PCR amplification of 26S rRNA gene and sequence analysis. The comparison of the alignment results and phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of the isolated yeast to published rRNA gene sequences in GenBank, confirmed the identification of the isolate as Pichia membranifaciens. Xylanase and α-amylase production by isolated P. membranifaciens were investigated at different pH values (4-8), temperature degrees (20-45°C), incubation time (1-7 days) and various substrates.A higher production of xylanase (38.8 U/mL) and a-amylase (28.7 U/mL) was obtained after 4 days of fermentation of P. membranifaciens. Higher activity of xylanase (36.83 U/mL) and a-amylase (27.7 U/mL) was obtained in the fermentation of P. membranifaciens in a culture medium adjusted to pH 7.0. The optimum temperature showed maximum xylanase and a-amylase activity (42.6 and 32.5 units/mL, respectively) was estimated at 35 °C. The xylanase and a-amylase activities of P. membranifaciens were estimated and compared for the different substrates tested. The strain revealed 100% relative activity of xylanase and a-amylase on beechwood and potato starch, respectively. The affinity of enzymes towards substrate was estimated using Km values. The Km values of xylanase and α-amylase increased in the order of pH’s 7.0, 6.0 and 4.5 (0.85, 1.6 and 3.4 mg xylan/mL and 0.22, 0.43 and 2.8 mg starch/mL, respectively). the yeast P. membranifaciensis is suitable for produce neutral xylanase and α-amylase enzymes. So, it could be used as a promising strain for production of these enzymes in industrial field. 
</p>
		</abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Amylase</kwd>
        <kwd>neutral</kwd>
		<kwd>Pichia membranifaciens</kwd>
		<kwd>xylanase</kwd>
			<kwd>yeast</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    </article>
