The present study indicated a large range of fungal from nasal cavity swabs of camels were showed 60 (60%) out of 100 camels as positive for fungi isolation  which included 37 (37%) of moulds and 23 (23%) of yeasts. These results corresponded with these mentioned by AL-Bashan and AL-Banki¹² who were able to isolate six different fungal species from nasal cavity swabs of Apparently Healthy Camels such as  Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus,   Penicillium sp. and Candida sp. Results of the current study is also in consistent with Gobrial  et al.¹³ who identification  of  moulds and yeasts  fungi from nasal cavity swabs of the Egyptian camels it was found that Aspergillus sp.; Penicillium sp. and Candida sp. as well as other fungi. The current study found that most frequent molds isolates were Asperigellius spp.exacting A.fumigatus at percentage 7 (7%) compared with other Aspergillus sp. isolated  was  agreement  with the finding of  Lacey¹⁴found that a wide spread fungi around the world is genus Aspergillus and  mainly pathogenic type causing disease in humans and animals its types; A. fumigatus belong to numerous factors; it’s aptitude to grow more rapidly than other types in a broad range of temperature (20-50) ºC and it is extremely sporelating fungus. Other studies originate that Aspergillus fumigatus more common than other moulds when isolated fungi from other animals Ali  and Khan ¹⁵ they found that the highest fungus related with abortion in cattle and buffaloes was A. fumigatus which has been recorded from over 60% of cases, also observations no scientific symptoms have been observed in the dam also before or after abortion.

The present study shown that incidence of fungal infection caused by moulds was more than yeasts. The nasal cavity  as a part of respiratory system which contact immediately with outside system location led to simply entry of the spores moulds to the respiratory system by inhalation and accessible environment stander from temperature and humidity create from this system more contact to the fungi infection, it was supposed that housing of animals in relatively restricted spaces predispose them to infection due to the incidence of higher concentration of fungal spores in the air of cowsheds than that of its surrounding^15,16. This was in agreement with previous report by Fekadu and Esayas ¹⁷ as it was mentioned above, pneumonia was among the mainly significant and frequently encountered disease of the camel. Although low mortality and morbidity rates, the improvement period was relatively long having negative contact on generally productivity.

In this study, it has been found that the total isolation of yeasts were 23(%23) out of 100 camels revealed most common isolate were Candida spp. particular C.albicans at percentage 6 (6%) and Other yeasts also can be identified such as Cryptococcus neoformans 2(2%); Geotricum candidum 2(2%) and1(1%) for  Malassezia spp. The current result is in consistent with  Osman et al.¹⁸ who isolated Candida albicans from the nasopharyngeal cavity of apparently healthy camels at Shalateen, Halaieb and Abou-Ramad areas. suffering from different respiratory manifestations. Present results also agree with Al-Maadidhi ¹⁹ it was found C.albicans more common isolated from ewe of Iraq, this result in line with our result about C.albicans which was dominant isolated in nasal cavity swabs of camels. C. albicans was the species most commonly causes superficial and invasive infection were ability to adhere to diverse mucosa and epithelia, dimorphism, with assembly of pseudohyphae helping tissue invasion, thermotolerance, and exoenzymes like proteinase and phospholipase and germ tube configuration with subsequent advance of the filamentous form²⁰. The mannan (glycoprotein present on the cell surface of C.albicans), adhesion responsible for the attachment of C.albicans to host cells more strong than other species of Candida ²¹.

The current study found that increases fungal isolation in camels with the increase age of animals in age between 6 years to more than 10 years. While less isolation fungi  were in age  between 6 months to 3 years.  Our result was in agreement with the finding of  Wiserman et al.²² they found that the percentage of fungal isolated increase with age of the animal. The current result also consistent with Al-Maadidhi ¹⁹ who studied the fungal infection in reproductive system of ewes, he establish that the percentage of fungal infection increase in the age animal. The causes possibly will due to the animals in this ages enhance facility to environment contact and also the animals are sexually active in this age which may be contamination through coating, parturition and abortion with other microorganism .